Cryptorchidism is a congenital condition where one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. This condition affects about 1 in every 500-1,000 live births and is estimated to affect up to 7% of men with testicular pain.
While cryptorchidism does not always result in sterility, it is a common complication associated with the condition.
The scrotum is designed to maintain a cool temperature of around 34°C for sperm production. This temperature is essential for spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm are produced and matured in the testis. In cryptorchidism, the testicle does not descend into the scrotum, resulting in a higher body temperature and an unfavorable environment for sperm production.
The high body temperature can have several negative effects on sperm production:
- Decreased Sperm Count: The heat can cause the testis to overheat, leading to a decrease in sperm production.
- Quality and Morphology of Sperm: High temperatures can also affect the quality and morphology of sperm, making them less viable and less likely to fertilize an egg.
- Impaired Fertility: The combination of decreased sperm count and impaired quality and morphology of sperm can result in impaired fertility.
- Sterility: In severe cases where the testis is exposed to extreme temperatures, it may result in complete sterility.
While cryptorchidism does not always lead to sterility, treatment options should be considered to prevent any further complications. The most common treatment option for cryptorchidism is orchiopexy, a surgical procedure that involves moving the undescended testicle into the scrotum. This procedure can improve sperm production and fertility in men with cryptorchidism.
Summary
In conclusion, cryptorchidism can lead to sterility due to the negative effects of heat on sperm production. It is important for men with cryptorchidism to seek medical attention and consider treatment options such as orchiopexy to prevent any further complications.
